diff --git a/lib/editor/input/tool_settings.dart b/lib/editor/input/tool_settings.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf54a68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/editor/input/tool_settings.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+// lib/editor/input/tool_settings.dart
+//
+// Per-tool settings memory for the tool palette (F1/F5/F11). Each tool keeps its
+// OWN color + width, so switching pen → highlighter → pen restores the pen's
+// last color/width instead of bleeding the highlighter's. Immutable value type
+// with copy-on-write updates; the toolbar holds one of these and persists it.
+//
+// Pure (no widgets/storage); fully unit-tested.
+
+import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart';
+
+enum EditorToolType { pen, highlighter, eraser }
+
+/// Color (ARGB int) + width (fraction of page width) for one tool. The eraser
+/// ignores color but keeps a width (its radius).
+@immutable
+class ToolConfig {
+  const ToolConfig({required this.color, required this.width});
+
+  final int color;
+  final double width;
+
+  ToolConfig copyWith({int? color, double? width}) =>
+      ToolConfig(color: color ?? this.color, width: width ?? this.width);
+
+  @override
+  bool operator ==(Object other) =>
+      other is ToolConfig && other.color == color && other.width == width;
+
+  @override
+  int get hashCode => Object.hash(color, width);
+}
+
+/// The active tool + each tool's remembered [ToolConfig].
+@immutable
+class ToolSettings {
+  const ToolSettings({required this.active, required Map<EditorToolType, ToolConfig> configs})
+      : _configs = configs;
+
+  /// Sensible starting state: black thin pen, yellow fat highlighter, medium
+  /// eraser; pen active.
+  factory ToolSettings.defaults() => const ToolSettings(
+        active: EditorToolType.pen,
+        configs: {
+          EditorToolType.pen: ToolConfig(color: 0xFF000000, width: 0.003),
+          EditorToolType.highlighter:
+              ToolConfig(color: 0x80FFEB3B, width: 0.02),
+          EditorToolType.eraser: ToolConfig(color: 0x00000000, width: 0.02),
+        },
+      );
+
+  final EditorToolType active;
+  final Map<EditorToolType, ToolConfig> _configs;
+
+  ToolConfig configFor(EditorToolType tool) =>
+      _configs[tool] ?? const ToolConfig(color: 0xFF000000, width: 0.003);
+
+  ToolConfig get activeConfig => configFor(active);
+
+  /// Switch the active tool (each tool's own color/width is remembered).
+  ToolSettings withActive(EditorToolType tool) =>
+      ToolSettings(active: tool, configs: _configs);
+
+  ToolSettings _withConfig(EditorToolType tool, ToolConfig config) {
+    return ToolSettings(
+      active: active,
+      configs: {..._configs, tool: config},
+    );
+  }
+
+  /// Set the ACTIVE tool's color (no-op semantics for the eraser are the
+  /// caller's choice; the value is still stored).
+  ToolSettings withColor(int color) =>
+      _withConfig(active, activeConfig.copyWith(color: color));
+
+  /// Set the ACTIVE tool's width.
+  ToolSettings withWidth(double width) =>
+      _withConfig(active, activeConfig.copyWith(width: width));
+
+  @override
+  bool operator ==(Object other) =>
+      other is ToolSettings &&
+      other.active == active &&
+      mapEquals(other._configs, _configs);
+
+  @override
+  int get hashCode => Object.hash(active, Object.hashAll(_configs.entries));
+}
diff --git a/test/tool_settings_test.dart b/test/tool_settings_test.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c82e9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/tool_settings_test.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// Tests for per-tool settings memory (F1/F5/F11).
+
+import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
+
+import 'package:badnote/editor/input/tool_settings.dart';
+
+void main() {
+  test('defaults: pen active, per-tool colors/widths', () {
+    final s = ToolSettings.defaults();
+    expect(s.active, EditorToolType.pen);
+    expect(s.configFor(EditorToolType.pen).color, 0xFF000000);
+    expect(s.configFor(EditorToolType.highlighter).width, 0.02);
+    expect(s.activeConfig, s.configFor(EditorToolType.pen));
+  });
+
+  test('switching tools remembers each tool\'s own config', () {
+    var s = ToolSettings.defaults();
+    // Customize pen, switch to highlighter, customize it, switch back.
+    s = s.withColor(0xFFFF0000).withWidth(0.005); // pen → red, 0.005
+    s = s.withActive(EditorToolType.highlighter);
+    expect(s.activeConfig.color, 0x80FFEB3B); // highlighter unchanged
+    s = s.withColor(0x8000FF00); // highlighter → green
+    s = s.withActive(EditorToolType.pen);
+    // Pen restored to its red/0.005, NOT the highlighter's green.
+    expect(s.activeConfig.color, 0xFFFF0000);
+    expect(s.activeConfig.width, 0.005);
+    // Highlighter kept its green.
+    expect(s.configFor(EditorToolType.highlighter).color, 0x8000FF00);
+  });
+
+  test('withColor/withWidth only touch the active tool', () {
+    var s = ToolSettings.defaults().withActive(EditorToolType.highlighter);
+    final penBefore = s.configFor(EditorToolType.pen);
+    s = s.withColor(0x80123456);
+    expect(s.configFor(EditorToolType.pen), penBefore); // pen untouched
+    expect(s.activeConfig.color, 0x80123456);
+  });
+
+  test('immutability: updates return new instances, original unchanged', () {
+    final a = ToolSettings.defaults();
+    final b = a.withActive(EditorToolType.eraser);
+    expect(a.active, EditorToolType.pen);
+    expect(b.active, EditorToolType.eraser);
+    expect(a == b, isFalse);
+  });
+
+  test('value equality', () {
+    expect(ToolSettings.defaults(), ToolSettings.defaults());
+    expect(ToolSettings.defaults().withActive(EditorToolType.eraser) ==
+        ToolSettings.defaults(), isFalse);
+  });
+
+  test('ToolConfig copyWith + equality', () {
+    const c = ToolConfig(color: 0xFF000000, width: 0.003);
+    expect(c.copyWith(width: 0.01), const ToolConfig(color: 0xFF000000, width: 0.01));
+    expect(c.copyWith(), c);
+  });
+}